What is Uterine Cancer?
Uterine cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the uterus (womb), the organ where a baby grows during pregnancy. Most uterine cancers start in the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, and are often referred to as endometrial cancer. Less commonly, cancer may develop in the muscle layer of the uterus (uterine sarcoma).
It is the most common gynecological cancer worldwide, especially among postmenopausal women. Early detection and treatment usually lead to good outcomes.
Signs and Symptoms of Uterine Cancer
Abnormal vaginal bleeding (between periods, after menopause, or unusually heavy flow)
Watery or blood-tinged vaginal discharge
Pelvic pain or pressure
Pain during intercourse
Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
Difficulty or pain while urinating
Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer
Pelvic Exam
Checks for abnormalities in the uterus or ovaries.
Transvaginal Ultrasound
Uses sound waves to create images of the uterus and detect changes in the lining.
Endometrial Biopsy
A small tissue sample from the uterine lining is tested for cancer cells.
Hysteroscopy
A thin tube with a camera examines the inside of the uterus.
Imaging Tests (CT, MRI, PET)
Used to check if cancer has spread.
Treatments
Surgery
Hysterectomy
Removal of the uterus, often with ovaries and fallopian tubes.
Lymph node removal
To check if cancer has spread.
Radiotherapy
High-energy rays target and kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy
Drugs used to destroy cancer cells, often for advanced cases.
Hormone Therapy
Helps slow cancer growth by blocking hormones that feed tumors.
Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy
Used in certain advanced or recurrent uterine cancers to block specific pathways or boost the immune response.
Managing Side Effects
Common side effects may include:
- Fatigue
- Nausea or vomiting
- Hair loss (from chemotherapy)
- Menopause-like symptoms (hot flashes, vaginal dryness)
- Weight gain or swelling
- Emotional changes
Tips for coping:
- Eat a healthy, balanced diet
- Stay physically active as tolerated
- Use medications or therapies for nausea and pain
- Seek emotional support through counseling or support groups
- Practice mindfulness or relaxation techniques
Living With & Beyond Cancer
Helpful strategies include:
- Attend regular check-ups to monitor for recurrence
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle with diet and exercise
- Discuss fertility options (if diagnosed before menopause)
- Seek support groups for women with gynecological cancers
- Focus on emotional well-being and stress management
Children & Young People
Key considerations include:
- Families with a history of uterine or colon cancer may benefit from genetic counseling
- Encourage awareness of menstrual health and early reporting of irregular bleeding
- Provide emotional and psychological support if a young family member faces gynecological health issues
End-of-Life Care
Core aspects of care include:
- Pain management and relief of pelvic discomfort
- Emotional and psychological support for patients and families
- Guidance with nutrition, mobility, and daily activities
- Hospice services for compassionate end-of-life care