Stomach Cancer

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Understanding, Managing, and Living Beyond Stomach Cancer

What is Stomach Cancer?

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, begins in the lining of the stomach. It develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, forming tumors that can interfere with digestion and spread to other organs if untreated.

The most common type is adenocarcinoma, which starts in the innermost lining (mucosa) of the stomach. Other rare types include lymphomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and carcinoid tumors.

Stomach cancer is often diagnosed at later stages because early symptoms can be vague or mistaken for common digestive issues.

Signs and Symptoms of Stomach Cancer

Early detection is key, but symptoms can be subtle. Common signs include:

Indigestion or persistent heartburn

Stomach pain or discomfort

Feeling full after eating small amounts

Nausea or vomiting (sometimes with blood)

Unexplained weight loss

Loss of appetite

Fatigue or weakness

Blood in stool (dark, tarry stools)

If you experience persistent digestive problems, seek medical advice promptly.

Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer

Accurate diagnosis helps determine the stage and best treatment. Common tests include:

Medical History & Physical Exam

Identifies symptoms, risk factors, and family history.

Endoscopy (Gastroscopy/EGD)

A thin tube with a camera examines the stomach lining and allows for tissue biopsy.

Biopsy

Confirms the presence of cancer cells.

Imaging Tests (CT, PET, or MRI scans)

Detect tumor size, spread, and staging.

Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)

Provides detailed images of stomach layers and nearby lymph nodes.

Blood Tests

Check for anemia and other signs of cancer.

Early diagnosis improves treatment effectiveness and outcomes.

Treatments for Stomach Cancer

Treatment depends on the cancer’s stage, location, and patient’s overall health. Options include:

Surgery

Subtotal Gastrectomy

Removal of part of the stomach.

Total Gastrectomy

Removal of the entire stomach, with reconstruction of the digestive tract.

Chemotherapy

Drugs used to shrink tumors before surgery, kill remaining cells afterward, or treat advanced stages.

Radiotherapy

High-energy rays target cancer cells, often combined with chemotherapy.

Targeted Therapy

Drugs that attack specific cancer cell changes (e.g., HER2-positive gastric cancer).

Immunotherapy

Boosts the body’s immune system to fight stomach cancer, especially in advanced or recurrent cases.

Often, a multimodal approach (combination of treatments) is recommended.

Managing Side Effects

Stomach cancer treatments can cause side effects, such as:

Common side effects may include:

  • Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
  • Loss of appetite and weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Pain or discomfort after eating
  • Anemia or low blood counts

Tips to manage side effects:

  • Eat small, nutrient-rich meals throughout the day
  • Work with a dietitian to maintain strength and manage digestion
  • Stay hydrated
  • Use prescribed medications for nausea and pain
  • Practice relaxation and light activity to reduce fatigue
  • Join support groups for emotional well-being
Always communicate side effects with your healthcare team.

Living With & Beyond Stomach Cancer

Life after treatment often requires adjustments in diet, lifestyle, and ongoing care.

Helpful strategies include:

  • Regular follow-up appointments and screenings
  • Nutritional counseling to manage digestion without part/all of the stomach
  • Joining cancer support groups for shared experiences
  • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with balanced diet and gentle exercise
  • Avoiding smoking, alcohol, and foods that irritate digestion
These steps support recovery and long-term health.

Children & Young People

Stomach cancer is extremely rare in children and teens, but genetic conditions or family history may increase risk.

Key considerations include:

  • Genetic counseling for families with inherited cancer risks
  • Specialized pediatric oncology care if diagnosed
  • Emotional and educational support during treatment
  • Age-appropriate explanations and counseling for young patients
Early support helps young patients cope with treatment and recovery.

End-of-Life Care

For advanced stomach cancer, palliative care focuses on improving quality of life.

Core aspects of care include:

  • Managing pain, nausea, and nutritional challenges
  • Feeding support (supplements, tubes, or stents if needed)
  • Emotional and psychological support for patients and families
  • Hospice services for compassionate care during late stages
The goal is comfort, dignity, and emotional well-being.
For more information, you can visit:
Cancer Research UK - Stomach Cancer